1月份及2月“春节”前后，国内市场是钢材需求淡季方管产量也有所减少。但受巴西淡水河谷发生溃坝事件影响，铁矿石价格出现大幅上升走势。从总体情况看，溃坝事件形成的影响有限，铁矿石供需形势并未发生明显变化，铁矿石价格难以持续大幅上涨。
Before and after the Spring Festival in January and February, the domestic market is in the off-season of steel demand, and steel production has also decreased. However, due to the dam-break in Brazil's Vale, iron ore prices showed a sharp upward trend. Overall, the impact of dam-break events is limited, the situation of iron ore supply and demand has not changed significantly, and the price of iron ore is difficult to continue to rise substantially. 一、中国铁矿石价格指数大幅上升
1. China's iron ore price index has risen sharply
据钢铁协会监测，1月末，中国铁矿石价格指数（CIOPI）为294.76点，环比上升41.37点，升幅为16.33%。其中：国产铁矿石价格指数为243.47点，环比上升4.53点，升幅为1.90%；进口铁矿石价格指数为302.52点，环比上升46.95点，升幅为18.37%。
According to the monitoring by the Iron and Steel Association, at the end of January, the China Iron ore Price Index (CIOPI) was 294.76 points, up 41.37 points, or 16.33 percent. Among them: the domestic iron ore price index is 243.47 points, rising 4.53 points annually, an increase of 1.90%; the imported iron ore price index is 302.52 points, an increase of 46.95 points annually, an increase of 18.37%.
从全月平均水平看，中国铁矿石价格指数（CIOPI）总体高于上月。1月份，CIOPI综合指数平均值为268.17点，较上月上升19.44点，升幅为7.82%。其中：国产铁矿石价格指数平均值为241.54点，比上月上升2.66点，升幅为1.11%；进口铁矿石价格指数平均值为272.19点，环比上升21.97点，升幅为8.78%。
From the monthly average, China's iron ore price index (CIOPI) is generally higher than last month. In January, the average CIOPI composite index was 268.17 points, up 19.44 points, or 7.82%, compared with the previous month. Among them: the average price index of domestic iron ore is 241.54 points, up 2.66 points from last month, up 1.11%; the average price index of imported iron ore is 272.19 points, up 21.97 points annually, up 8.78%.
二、国产铁精矿价格相对平稳，进口粉矿价格大幅上升
2. Domestic iron concentrate prices are relatively stable, while imported fine ore prices have risen sharply.
1月末，CIOPI国产铁精矿含税价格为626.49元/吨，环比上升11.65元/吨，升幅为1.90%；CIOPI进口粉矿到岸价格为81.71美元/吨，环比上升12.68美元/吨，升幅为18.37%，比国产矿价格升幅高16.47个百分点。
At the end of January, CIOPI domestic iron concentrate tax price was 626.49 yuan/ton, rising 11.65 yuan/ton annually, up 1.90%; CIOPI imported fine ore landed price was 81.71 dollars/ton, up 12.68 dollars/ton annually, up 18.37%, 16.47 percentage points higher than domestic ore price.
需要关注的是，1月25日巴西淡水河谷位于米内斯吉拉斯州的一处尾矿区发生溃坝事件后，进口矿价格出现快速上扬走势。从全月平均水平看，国产铁精矿平均含税价格为621.52元/吨，比上月上升6.85元/吨，升幅为1.11%。其中：1月2日至1月末，由616.17元/吨波动上行至626.49元/吨。
It should be noted that import prices of Brazilian Vale have risen rapidly after a dam-break in a tailings mine in Mines Gerais on January 25. From the monthly average, the average tax-bearing price of domestic iron concentrate is 621.52 yuan/ton, up 6.85 yuan/ton from last month, an increase of 1.11%. Among them, from January 2 to the end of January, the fluctuation of 616.17 yuan/ton went up to 626.49 yuan/ton.
进口粉矿平均到岸价格为73.52美元/吨，比上月上升5.94美元/吨，升幅为8.78%。其中：1月2日至1月11日，由69.23美元/吨震荡运行至71.93美元/吨，1月11日至1月末，由71.93美元/吨上行至81.71美元/吨。春节后价格继续上涨，到2月12日达到87.92美元/吨，比1月末上涨7.6%。
The average CIF price of imported fine ore is 73.52 US dollars per ton, up 5.94 US dollars per ton, or 8.78% over the previous month. From Jan. 2 to Jan. 11, the oscillation run from $69.23 per ton to $71.93 per ton, and from Jan. 11 to the end of Jan. 11, the oscillation run from $71.93 per ton to $81.71 per ton. Prices continued to rise after the Spring Festival, reaching $87.92 per ton on February 12, up 7.6 per cent from the end of January.
三、后期铁矿石价格走势分析
III. Analysis of Iron ore Price Trend in Later Period
1、巴西淡水河谷溃坝事件对供应量影响有限，市场不宜过度解读
1. Brazilian Vale Dam Break has limited impact on supply, and the market should not be over-interpreted.
2018年中国共进口铁矿石10.64亿吨，比上年减少1022万吨，其中从巴西进口铁矿石2.05亿吨，占中国进口总量20%左右，比上年下降1300万吨左右。据多个国际机构预计，溃坝事件影响淡水河谷铁矿石年产量4000-6000万吨，仅占中国年进口量的5%左右。巴西淡水河谷减少的产量以及高硅矿等品种可被其他国家和地区进口矿弥补。2019年我国钢铁行业需要进一步推进供给侧结构性改革，继续巩固去产能成果，钢铁产量继续大幅增长可能性较低，同时随着废钢用量增加，对铁矿石需求进一步减少，后期铁矿石价格也难以大幅上涨。
In 2018, China imported 1.064 billion tons of iron ore, a decrease of 10.22 million tons over the previous year, of which 205 million tons were imported from Brazil, accounting for about 20% of China's total imports, a decrease of 13 million tons over the previous year. According to several international agencies, the dam-break event affects the annual output of iron ore in Valley from 40 to 60 million tons, accounting for only about 5% of China's annual imports. The reduced output of Brazil's Valley and varieties of high-silicon minerals can be compensated by imported minerals from other countries and regions. In 2019, China's iron and steel industry needs to further promote the structural reform of supply side, continue to consolidate the results of capacity removal, and the possibility of large-scale growth of iron and steel output is low. At the same time, with the increase of scrap steel consumption, the demand for iron ore is further reduced, and iron ore prices are difficult to rise substantially in the later period.
2、铁矿石需求强度下降，供大于求态势仍未有改变
2. Demand intensity of iron ore has declined and the situation of supply exceeding demand remains unchanged.
据钢铁协会旬报统计，1月中上旬，会员钢铁企业平均日产粗钢181.66万吨，估算全国日产粗钢239.48万吨，比去年12月份下降2.47%；估算全国日产生铁199.38万吨，比12月份下降2.20%。钢铁产量环比下降，铁矿石需求强度继续呈下降趋势；1月末，全国进口铁矿石港口库存量为1.40亿吨，环比下降182万吨，降幅为1.29%，总体仍处于较高水平；总体来看，铁矿石市场供大于求态势仍未有大的改观。
According to the statistics of the Tenth Annual Report of the Iron and Steel Association, the average daily output of members'iron and steel enterprises was 181.66 million tons in mid-early January, which was estimated to be 239.48 million tons of crude steel in the whole country, down 2.47% from last December, and the daily output of iron in the whole country was estimated to be 199.38 million tons, down 2.20% from December. At the end of January, the stock of imported iron ore ports decreased by 1.22 million tons, a decline of 1.29%. Overall, the situation of supply exceeding demand in the iron ore market has not been greatly improved.
3、钢材价格窄幅波动，铁矿石价格难以持续上涨
3. Steel prices fluctuate narrowly and iron ore prices are difficult to keep rising
据钢铁协会监测，2月1日，中国钢材价格指数（CSPI）为106.77点，比去年12月末下降0.35点，降幅为0.33%。从今年以来各周情况看，钢材价格呈窄幅波动走势。据国家统计局数据，12月中国制造业采购经理（PMI）为49.5%，比上月上升0.1个百分点，连续两月低于临界点，显示国民经济下行压力较大，下游行业用钢需求难以持续增长，目前仍处于钢材消费淡季，钢材价格仍将以小幅波动为主。后期铁矿石价格难以持续上涨，将呈理性回归走势。
The China Steel Price Index (CSPI) was 106.77 points on February 1, down 0.35 points, or 0.33%, from the end of December last year, according to the monitoring by the Iron and Steel Association. From this year's weekly situation, steel prices show a narrow fluctuation trend. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the purchasing manager of China's manufacturing industry (PMI) in December was 49.5%, up 0.1 percentage points from last month, which was lower than the critical point for two consecutive months. This shows that the downward pressure of the national economy is greater and the demand for steel for downstream industries is difficult to sustain growth. At present, it is still in the off-season of steel consumption, and steel prices will continue to fluctuate slightly. Later iron ore prices are difficult to continue to rise, will be a rational return trend.
